From Power Plant to Your Meter — How Electricity Reaches You
Generation
Power is produced by hydro dams (WAPDA), thermal plants burning gas and furnace oil (IPPs), nuclear plants (PAEC), and a growing renewable sector. CPPA-G buys this power in bulk on behalf of the DISCOs.
Transmission
High-voltage power moves across Pakistan on the national grid managed by NTDC (National Transmission and Despatch Company), a WAPDA subsidiary. Grid reliability here affects load-shedding frequency downstream.
Distribution
Your regional DISCO takes power from the national grid at grid stations, steps voltage down through feeders and transformers, and delivers it to your meter. The DISCO owns this local network and is responsible for maintenance and load management.
Billing via PITC
Your DISCO records your monthly meter reading and generates a bill through the PITC centralized platform. NEPRA's approved tariff slabs, FPA surcharges, and taxes are applied automatically. The result is the duplicate bill you can pull up with your reference number.
6 Institutions Behind Your Electricity Bill — What Each One Does
NEPRARegulator
National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
Sets consumer tariff slabs, approves Fuel Price Adjustments (FPA), licenses DISCOs, and adjudicates consumer complaints. When your bill changes, it is because NEPRA issued a new determination.
WAPDAHydro Generation & Transmission
Water and Power Development Authority
Manages Pakistan's major hydroelectric dams and the national transmission grid (via its subsidiaries NTDC and successor entities). WAPDA is not a billing entity for most urban consumers — your DISCO handles that.
DISCOsConsumer Billing & Distribution
11 Distribution Companies
The 11 DISCOs (MEPCO, LESCO, FESCO, IESCO, GEPCO, PESCO, HESCO, SEPCO, QESCO, TESCO, HAZECO) own the distribution network in their region and issue your monthly electricity bill.
PITCCentralized Billing Platform
Power Information Technology Company
Runs the shared bill portal (bill.pitc.com.pk) that all 11 DISCOs use to produce duplicate bills. When you enter your reference number on this site, it queries the PITC system.
CPPA-GBulk Power Procurement
Central Power Purchasing Agency
Buys electricity from generators (IPPs, WAPDA, nuclear) and sells it to DISCOs. The fuel cost component in your FPA charge reflects CPPA-G's monthly purchase costs passed through to consumers.
K-ElectricVertically Integrated Karachi Utility
K-Electric Limited
Karachi's separate electricity company — generates, transmits, and distributes power in Karachi and adjoining areas. KE operates independently of PITC and the 11-DISCO system covered on this site.
Why Your Bill Has So Many Line Items — Sector Structure Reflected in Charges
The complexity of Pakistan's electricity sector shows up directly on your monthly bill. Each institution contributes a charge:
Energy Charge
Units consumed × NEPRA-approved slab rate. Increases steeply above 300 units/month under the protected/unprotected framework.
Fuel Price Adjustment (FPA)
Monthly variable charge reflecting CPPA-G's actual fuel purchase cost vs the base tariff assumption. Can be positive or negative depending on international fuel prices.
Government Levies
General Sales Tax (GST), Electricity Duty, Neelum Jhelum Surcharge, TV fee — all mandated by federal or provincial law and collected by DISCOs on behalf of the government.
Arrears
Any unpaid previous-month amounts carried forward. Arrears accrue late payment surcharges under NEPRA rules.
Pakistan Electricity Sector — Common Questions
What is a DISCO in Pakistan?
A DISCO (Distribution Company) is a regional electricity company responsible for distributing power to homes and businesses in its licensed area and issuing monthly bills. Pakistan has 11 DISCOs: MEPCO, LESCO, FESCO, IESCO, GEPCO, PESCO, HESCO, SEPCO, QESCO, TESCO, and HAZECO.
What does NEPRA do?
NEPRA (National Electric Power Regulatory Authority) is Pakistan's electricity regulator. It sets consumer tariff rates, approves Fuel Price Adjustment (FPA) changes, issues licenses to DISCOs, and handles consumer protection. Every change in your electricity bill slab rate or surcharge originates from a NEPRA determination.
What is PITC and why does it matter for my bill?
PITC (Power Information Technology Company) operates the centralized billing platform used by all 11 Pakistani DISCOs. When you check your electricity bill online — whether on the DISCO's own site or on this site — the bill data comes from PITC's servers. It is the authoritative source for duplicate bill generation.
Is WAPDA the same as my electricity company?
No. WAPDA is associated with hydroelectric generation and the national grid. Your billing and customer service are handled by your regional DISCO (e.g., MEPCO in south Punjab, LESCO in Lahore). The term 'WAPDA bill' is commonly used informally but technically refers to your DISCO's bill.